![]() In a controversial passage, he argued that his Jewish heritage made him particularly sensitive to the importance of constitutional protections, so his views should be taken seriously. He found that some minority groups would not be able to access their protections under the Bill of Rights without resorting to the courts.īlack and Douglas wrote to repudiate their earlier opinions in First Amendment decisions and voice an especially enthusiastic support for its protections.Ĭoncerned about exceeding the scope of the judicial role, Frankfurter was skeptical that religious beliefs freed citizens from the obligation to obey rules. Jackson rejected an earlier opinion by Justice Felix Frankfurter that objectors like Jehovah's Witnesses should use the legislative rather than the judicial process to assert their rights. He argued that curtailing or eliminating dissent was not only an improper but also an ineffective way of producing true unity, using historical examples. Jackson found that the First Amendment cannot countenance efforts to enforce a unanimity of opinion on any topic, and national symbols like the flag should not receive a level of deference that trumps constitutional protections. Like other children who refused to salute the flag, however, they were threatened with reform schools used for criminally active children, and their parents faced prosecutions for causing juvenile delinquency. This was based on their core spiritual belief that the laws of God rise above any laws of a secular government. The children in a family of Jehovah's Witnesses refused to perform the salute and were sent home from school each day for non-compliance. As a result, the children and their families could be charged with a crime based on the child's unlawful absence from school, which could expose parents to jail time. Students who refused to obey this requirement were subject to expulsion as part of school rules against insubordination and would not be readmitted until they complied. The Board provided a detailed definition of what the salute should look like: keeping the right hand raised with upturned palm in a stiff-arm salute while the individual recited the pledge of allegiance. ![]() Pitzen has faced backlash, mainly over social media, with people taking issue less with her suggestion for the LGBTQ flag and more with her tone toward the American flag.In 1942, the West Virginia Board of Education required public schools to include salutes to the flag by teachers and students as a mandatory part of school activities. "And he like looks around and goes, 'Oh, that one?'" Pitzen imitated her student pointing to the rainbow Pride flag. In the meantime, I tell this kid, 'We do have a flag in the class that you can pledge your allegiance to.' "My (student) today goes, 'Hey, it's kind of weird that we just stand and we say it to nothing. Pitzen noted that she took her American flag down in her classroom "because it made me uncomfortable" during the COVID-19 pandemic but hasn't located the flag. Except for the fact that my room does not have a flag." You don't have to say the words.' So my class decided to stand but not say the words. I always tell my class: 'Stand if you feel like it, don't stand if you feel like it, say the words if you want. ![]() In the video, Pitzen begins: "OK, so during third period, we do announcements and they do the Pledge of Allegiance. ![]() 'It's about damn time': Bryan Ruby becomes only active pro baseball player to be out as gay Pitzen, an English teacher, initially posted the video on her own TikTok account, It has since been deleted. We follow due process and our investigation continues." The teacher is no longer in the classroom. Watch Video: Teacher removed after her students pledge allegiance to the Pride flagĬalifornia teacher Kristin Pitzen was removed from teaching in her classroom as an investigation begins into a viral TikTok video where she joked about telling a student to pledging allegiance to a LGBTQ Pride flag rather than to the American flag.Īnnette Franco, a spokesperson for the Newport-Mesa Unified School District, told the Orange County Register: "Showing respect for our nation's flag is an important value that we instill in our students and an expectation of our employees. ![]()
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